Yes, the oldest civilization was indeed the Sindhu Saraswati civilization. The site of Bhirdana has been dated by the Archaeological Survey of India to 7570 BCE. This civilization existed much before the accepted genesis times of the Sumerian Civilization (4500 BCE), and the Egyptian Civilization (3150 BCE).
However, one question arises: How can we be sure that Bhirdana’s oldest layer was a part of the Sindhu Saraswati Civilization and not an contemporary independent culture. This doubt is solved by the discovery of the Red Potsherd containing the “Dancing Girl” image. This image was the same girl from Mohanjodaro and could have been a predecessor, meaning both the image and the statue coming from another original sculpture (could also be a possible deity).
One such artefact is the red potsherd containing the “Dancing Girl” image. This “dancing girl” is very likely the same dancing girl as the Mohanjodaro (stands in the same pose), and establishes a direct link between them, removing
Comparison of Four Great Civilizations
Sindhu Saraswati Civilization
The ancient site of Bhirdana saw the excavations of Hakra Ware Pottery and dwelling pits that were plastered with yellow alluvial soil from Saraswati river.
Sumerian Civilization (Mesopotamia)
The Sumerian Civilization was dated back to 5400 BCE with the oldest site being Eridu which was dated to Early Ubaid period. Among the oldest artefacts discovered at this site were sleeper walls which are support walls for pillars, beams. Inscribed clay tokens were also found at this site.
Egyptian Civilization
The earliest sites of the Egyptian Civilization appeared around 3150 BCE. The Narmer Palette discovered at Nekhen shows the beginning of the Dynastic Period around the same time. It depicts the King Narmer wearing both lower and upper Egypt’s crowns signifying the recent unification of these lands.
